American innovation is in trouble
By Fareed Zakaria
If you ask people in Silicon Valley what makes it work, they will talk about many things — the ability to fail, the lack of hierarchy, the culture of competition. One thing almost no one mentions is the government. And yet, the Valley’s origins are deeply tied to government support. The reason there were so many engineers in California in the 1950s and 1960s was because large defense companies had attracted them there. Most of the legendary start-ups that fueled the computer revolution — Fairchild Semiconductor, Intel — got off the ground largely because the military, and later NASA, would buy their products until they became cheap and accessible enough for the broader commercial market. GPS, the technology that now powers the information revolution, was developed for the military.
And then there was government funding for research, which is sometimes thought of simply as large grants to universities for basic science but often was far more ingenious. My favorite example comes from Walter Isaacson’s fascinating new book, “The Innovators.” In the 1950s, the U.S. government funded a massive project at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, employing equal numbers of psychologists and engineers who worked together to find ways “that humans could interact more intuitively with computers and information could be presented with a friendlier interface.” Isaacson traces how this project led directly to the user-friendly computer screens of today as well as ARPANET, the precursor of the Internet.
Federal funding for basic research and technology should be utterly uncontroversial. It has been one of the greatest investments in human history. And yet it has fallen to its lowest level as a percentage of GDP in four decades.
soundoff (1,668 Responses)
« Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36Leave a Reply to Air Vapormax Flyknit
@fareedzakaria on Twitter
RSS
Venezuela， Peru vs. Using a heavy paddle in the rowing tires the arm during the game."It's going to be a massive boost for the economy, it's going to be great to see so many people here for the wedding and actually to host the wedding itself,Pink Dante Pettis Jersey," said Andrew Lee, manager of the Harte and Garter hotel opposite Windsor Castle. It is essential to choose a light, strong, and stiff paddles to use in the paddling effectively.
Another great advantage to utilizing this prope
It also helps to ease the muscles and improving joint mobility.The group's key subsidiary, Lotte Mart, in March had to inject 360 billion won (US$318 million) of emergency funds to keep the China stores afloat and recently decided to pour in an additional 340 billion won." The power of advertising is undeniable. You can use the internet to get in touch. Samui will be the 2nd greatest island of Thailand having a population approximately 50,000 in 2008 information. The warning caused even more dis
"It takes about 10 minutes to create a company online in New Zealand, and the same amount of time to apply for dairy export registration. When you are traveling to this destination you should consider spending your time in the resorts there. Wonderful by me! Retain bringing 'em!
The Jordan 6 Rings surely had it's 15 minutes fame in the cool grey days. It is declared that this merchandise can eliminate up to twenty five percent of the calories that you ingest. The statement revises Tr
For a lot of college age trainees, finding a car to operate a vehicle on vacation can prove more complicated that any other manner of travel. 25 (Xinhua) - A regular sea-rail transit route linking Chongqing Municipality in southwest China and Singapore started operations on Monday.In the event you have plenty of cords hanging out of your amusement stands then you understand what a pain and unsightly view cords can be.1 SWOT Analysis – Overview
4.S.In ancient times,Packers Brett Hundley Jersey,
You can check reviews and assessments of different stores on various online social affairs. Alcuni studi più Nike Air Max 95 Womens piccoli e precedenti suggeriscono che la corsa nelle scarpe può aumentare il rischio di distorsioni della caviglia,new balance 574 mujer baratas, fascite plantare e altre lesioni.
Shells, animal-bones and clay were used to create jewellery charms by prehistoric man and as before as seventy five,000 several a long time in the past, there is proof from Afric
Nice
These factors are impeding the growth of players in the global anti-snoring devices and surgery market,new balance 999 espa?a. " Shanghai SIPG's Elkeson attempts a bicycle kick against FC Tokyo on Tuesday in Tokyo.
Low Patient Compliance Levels Hinders the Growth of Vendors
Patients have reported discomfort in using anti-snoring devices, which has resulted in low patient compliance level. The agreement was widely seen as setting the stage for a summit between Xi and Abe
5867 against the U. Nel frattempo, gli infortuni colpiscono il 20-80 percento dei corridori regolari ogni anno.The U. It has moreover transformed into an indispensable figure choosing the way business is done starting late. But no matter the cause or purpose if you are a collector it is a chance for you to add to your collection,new balance 574 mujer granate.366 "
"NANNING,new balance espa?a baratas, China,new balance 999 hombre baratas, Oct.
Ecco la cosa, però: Ognuno ha esigenze diverse q
Download latest music via http://cute9ja.com
Nice one from this website
wow this is cool keep keeping us inform
how can i get more of this https://dfactual.com
It. Coool reasb
I love this website
THANKS FOFTHE INFORMATIONS.....
YOU CAN CHDCK ON
pabrymo ft slimcasse – Feel me
And
Dremo – Touchdown
Nice writeup
Download Your Free Cool Music And Movies And TV series Click Here To Download Latest Free Music & Videos Here
Playmusik.Net
Nice
check my blog here